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Acetic Acid
Acetic acid , systematically named ethanoic acid , is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other trace elements.
Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
The global demand for acetic acid is about 6.5 million metric tons per year (t/a), of which approximately 1.5 t/a is met by recycling; the remainder is manufactured from methanol.Vinegar is mostly dilute acetic acid, often produced by fermentation and subsequent oxidation of ethanol.
Application
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Chemical formula | CH3COOH |
---|---|
Molar mass | 60.052 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colourless liquid |
Odor | Heavily vinegar-like |
Density | 1.049 g/cm3 (liquid); 1.27 g/cm3 (solid) |
Melting Point | 16 to 17 °C; 61 to 62 °F; 289 to 290 K |
Boiling Point | 118 to 119 °C; 244 to 246 °F; 391 to 392 K |
Solubility in water | Miscible |
logP | -0.28 |
Vapor Pressure | 11.6 mmHg (20 °C) |
Acidity (pKa) | 4.756 |
Conjugate base | acetate |
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -31.54·10−6 cm3/mol |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.371 (VD = 18.19) |
Viscosity | 1.22 mPa s |
Dipole moment | 1.74 D |
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